In my lab, we can look at the DNA of the baby to see whether it has inherited any diseases that are already known about in the family. Theoretically, we could test a baby for diseases that AREN’T in their family already, but we don’t do that because it isn’t legal to look for random conditions in unborn babies.
Plus, the method by which we get a DNA sample involves inserting an enormous needle into the mum’s stomach, and there is a chance she could miscarry because of this, so most women only undertake this testing if absolutely necessary!
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